惠州市土地利用变化的时空转移研究

以广东省惠州市为研究区,基于1992、2006年2期土地利用数据,采用GIS空间分析方法,对惠州市1992～2006年间土地利用时空变化情况进行分析,旨在为该地区及相似地区的土地利用调控与管理提供有益的参考。     

姑婆山国家森林公园景观格局变化分析

根据姑婆山国家森林公园1999年和2009年森林调查资料,在ArcGIS和Fragstas 3.3的支持下对姑婆山国家森林公园景观格局动态变化进行研究。结果表明：研究期间,研究区主要景观类型没有变化,阔叶树、灌木林、杉木林3种主要景观类型面积占总面积的比例由80.44%提高到94.51%;景观基质均为阔叶林,占总面积比例由63.63%提高到75.82%;总斑块数量由301块下降到174块;平均形状指数呈下降趋势;多样指数由1.233下降到0.862;优势度指数则由0.846升高至1.217。总体表现为针叶林向针阔混交林,进而向阔叶林演替,景观趋向连续和稳定。     

不同株高夏玉米品种同化物积累转运与分配特性

以矮秆玉米品种登海661 (DH661),中间型玉米品种超试3号(CS3),高秆玉米品种鲁单981 (LD981)和先玉335 (XY335)为试验材料,研究不同株高夏玉米品种同化物积累、转运及分配特性。结果表明,不同株高类型玉米品种干物质积累量在开花期之前差异不显著,其差异主要表现在开花后,随株高的增加,开花后的干物质积累降低。矮秆品种植株中下部茎秆的碳素分配率比高秆品种低,叶片则相反。通过¹³C同位素示踪研究表明,不同株高类型玉米品种不同部位叶片对产量的贡献不同。随株高降低,中、下部叶片的光合产物转移率相对提高,而上部叶片的转移率有所下降,高秆品种LD981和XY335上部叶片对籽粒的贡献率相对较高,中矮秆品种DH661和CS3下部叶片对籽粒的贡献率相对较高。不同部位叶片在开花前后对籽粒贡献也不相同,高秆品种LD981和XY335上部叶片开花后光合产物的转移率最高;矮秆品种DH661中部叶片开花前光合产物的转移率最高。     

Glass transition behavior of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a major co-product from the corn ethanol industry, has high feed value for its chemical composition. The ratio of wet distillers grains (WDG) and condensed distillers solubles (CDS) added during the production process determines the chemical composition of DDGS. Effect of changing this ratio and the influence of moisture content on glass transition behavior of DDGS was studied. Five prediction models were evaluated to explain the glass transition of DDGS. The mixed trends in the result indicated the complex behavior of DDGS particles and revealed that both moisture content and chemical composition impact the glass transition behavior of DDGS. Onset glass transition temperature ranged from 20 to 30 °C depending on the chemical composition. Kwei equation predictions were better than the predictions by Gordon-Taylor equation. The glass transition temperature of DDGS can be mathematically explained by combining the moisture content and chemical components protein, fiber, glycerol, and sugar percent. The artificial neural network (ANN) model gave a better prediction of onset and midpoint glass transition temperature of DDGS and this might be due to the accurate mapping of the interaction between chemical components.     

高铜对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响

选用1日龄健康AA肉鸡120只随机均分成4组,使用硫酸铜作为铜源,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,对照组饲料铜含量为11mg/kg,3个试验高铜组饲料铜含量分别为110,220,330mg/kg,试验至60日龄结束,来探讨高铜日粮对肉鸡肝线粒体膜通透性、脂类代谢及肝和肌肉铜含量的影响。结果显示:(1)随着铜浓度的增加和/或饲养日龄的延长,线粒体膜通透性转换孔(Mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)逐渐扩大(P0.05);(2)血清总胆固醇(T-Ch)含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组低于对照组(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著低于对照组(P0.01),而甘油三酯(TG)的含量在各高铜组均极显著低于对照组(P0.01);(3)与对照组相比,肝脏铜含量110,220mg/kg铜添加组有所增加(P0.05),330mg/kg铜添加组极显著增加(P0.01),肌肉中铜含量在各高铜组均极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。这说明高铜可造成肝线粒体不同程度的肿胀和损伤,改变肉鸡脂类的新陈代谢,明显增加肝和肌肉组织的铜含量。     

温度势差驱动玉米去水试验研究

从能势转换的角度探讨谷物节能干燥工艺,即利用自然界自身存在的温度势差驱动谷物水分气化、迁移和扩散,达到去除高水分玉米水分和提高粮温的目的,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性,为烘干机高效节能设计提供基础数据。     

Performance and Microstructure of Ultra Low Ion Permeability Cementitious Materials

Microstructure and macro performance of Ultra Low Ion Permeability Cementitious Materials (ULIPCM) were investigated by Micro hardness, MIP and SEM EDXA. It was shown that the compressive strength of ULIPCM was more than 80 MPa, flexural strength was more than 11.0 MPa, and elastic modulus was in the range of 38.0 to 42.0 GPa at the age of 28 days; chloride diffusion coefficient was lower than 0.8×10－13m2·s－1, conductive charge for 6 hours was lower than 300 coulombs; sulfate attack resistance was good; shrinkage at the age of 28 days was lower than 400×10－6. Compared with ordinary concrete with which thickness of interfacial transition zone is 60 to 100 μm, the thickness of interfacial transition zone of ULIPCM was lower than 30 μm. Penetration paths of corrosive medium were effectively interrupted in ULIPCM. And pore structure parameters, such as porosity and the most probable pore radius of ULIPCM, were also obviously optimized in ULIPCM. Besides, few CH crystals were in the ULIPCM aggregate and the interfacial transition zone of ULIPCM. And the orientation of CH crystals was poor.     

河北省张家口市坝上农牧交错带区域生态研究

对河北省张家口市坝上农牧交错带的生态现状进行调查研究。对坝上地区的生态恶化的原因进行了分析,并就持续发展当地经济和恢复重建农牧交错带的生态环境提出了对策。     

基于RS和GIS的郑州市土地利用动态变化及预测

以郑州市为研究对象,选用1995年、2000年、2007年3期的TM图像,运用RS和GIS技术分析了郑州市1995-2007年间土地利用动态变化的空间过程,并运用马尔柯夫模型对土地利用动态变化及演变趋势进行了预测分析.结果表明:在12 a间,各土地类型的单一土地利用动态度都在增加,综合土地利用动态度也呈上升趋势.预测结果表明,2007年以后的14 a内(2007-2021年)研究区内耕地将进一步减少,但减少的幅度将逐渐减小;林地总面积也将减少,但草地的面积将变化不大;城镇用地将进一步继续增加,但增加的速度将放缓;水域面积将继续减少.     

稻谷玻璃化转变温度的测定方法及影响因素研究进展

对可测量稻谷玻璃化转变的方法进行了比较分析。简述了稻谷在干燥缓苏过程中影响玻璃化转变的主要因素:温度梯度和水分梯度。在不同的水分梯度稻谷各部位发生玻璃化转变的情况不同,稻谷表面含水量较低,易发生玻璃化转变;而稻谷内部则处于橡胶态,从而产生不同的内应力使稻谷产生裂纹,降低整精米率(HRY)。